Any discussion of the construct needs to begin with the seminal work by rotter 1966, who described locus of control as the degree to which persons expect that a reinforcement or an outcome of. Construction and validation of a short scale for the assessment of locus of control locus of control describes a generalized belief about whether outcomes of behavior are determined by ones actions or by forces outside ones control. Loc is a personality concept originally proposed by rotter, defined as a generalized enduring expectancy or belief about how. A persons locus plural loci, latin for place or location is. Social psychological scales, such as locus of control, play an important role in research on educational attainment. The scale was developed to measure the extent that a person believes that heshe can control events that affect them. All participants completed three measures, rotters locus of control scale ryffs psychological, wellbeing scale and demographic questionnaire. Revised 112004 the locus of control locus of control instrument1 true false 1. First, he has warned people that locus of control is not a typology. Locus of control loc is a personality construct related to a variety of outcomes. Many of the unhappy things in peoples lives are partly due to bad luck. Higher scores indicated external locus of control on internalexternal dimension of the scale. Children get into trouble because their patents punish them too much. Over decades, studies in sociology and psychology have reported.
The score is calculated based on the respondent s selection for external choices. The relationship between mental health components and locus. A connectext, has developed the following test based on rotter s original idea. The indian adaptation of the rotters locus of control scale, developed by dr. Rotters locus of control scale mccc west windsor, nj. The current research focused on exploring the direction of locus of control as well as gender difference on locus of control among graduation students in pakistan. The relationship between mental health components and.
A 29 item locus of control questionnaire rotter, 1966 was used to measure locus of control. It measures generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Pre and postintervention functional surveys, including the multidimensional health locus of control form c, chronic pain selfefficacy scale, medical outcomes study short form 36 version 2, beck depression inventoryii, and oswestry disability index version 2, were used to evaluate benefit from back pain intervention and to examine patient. University students n 359 completed the multidimensional health locus of control and general selfefficacy scales. Julian rotter 1966 devised a locus of control personality test to assess the extent to which an individual possesses internal or external reinforcement beliefs. I developed the 16item work locus of control scale, but it is specifically about the workplace context. The questionnaire consists of 6 filler items and 23 scoring items. A short form of rotter s locus of control scale was administered to two samples of iranian students. An abbreviated measure of internalexternal locus of control. The questionnaire was applied using paperandpencil. Higher scores indicate greater levels of external locus of control. Here are brief summaries of what social science research has inferred about the.
Studies have found that this test is a valid predictor of behavior typically associated with locus of control. Rotter 1966 has developed a scale which treats locus of control. Locus of control julian rotter 1966 devised a locus of control personality test to assess the extent to which an individual possesses internal or external reinforcement beliefs. Locus of control julian rotter, personality theories. Frequent studies have been done in fields as diverse as political science and public health, and a test. Items representing external choices are summed, yielding a range from 0 to 23. Rotter develop a forcedchoice, 29question tool to measure the degree to which individuals. Research on the relationship between selfesteem and locus of control has shown that the two constructs are significantly related, with a tendency for high selfesteem to be strongly linked to an internal locus of control, an individuals.
However, such selfdeveloped scales are not always thoroughly validated. Internals were believed by rotter 1966 to exhibit two essential characteristics. Interalexternal locus of control scale lee kum sheung. A study on locus of control among college students of. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity of a. Both rotter and meta programs assume that locus of control may vary depending on the context. Srivastava of kashi vidyapith university, varanasi. Rotter s locus of control scale for each question select the statement that you agree with the most 1. Rotters locus of control scale description of tools.
Rotter 1966 generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement, psychological monographs, 80, 1, whole no. The rotter internalexternal locus of control scale was designed by julian bernard rotter 1916. Locus of control scale 1974, the economic locus of control scale of furnham 1986 and the internal control index of duttweiler 1984. Respondents were employees in business organizations in 43 countries. The internalexternal locus of control scale rotter 1966, which is a 29item forcedchoice test including six filler items intended to make the purpose of the test somewhat more ambiguous, is the most widely used and cited measurement of locus of control loc. The trouble with most children nowadays is that their parents are too easy with them. Jul 15, 2017 the internalexternal locus of control scale rotter 1966, which is a 29item forcedchoice test including six filler items intended to make the purpose of the test somewhat more ambiguous, is the most widely used and cited measurement of locus of control loc. Taking into consideration the dimension of personality as envisaged by rotter, it was held that maladjustment should be associated with either extreme of this personality dimension.
To learn more about your perception of your locus of control, respond to this question naire, which was developed by nowicki and. Separating the measurement of internal and external constructs a pilot study the factors of selfesteem, stress, and depression which make up psychological wellbeing have been the focus of numerous studies and polls, as more of the human population tries to adapt to postmodern life. In 1966 rotter published the internalexternal locus of control scale. Locus of control is the degree to which people believe that they, as opposed to external forces beyond their influence, have control over the outcome of events in their lives. Rotters locus of control scale for each question select the statement that you agree with the most 1. The locus of control idea is based on what psychologists call social learning theory. Health locus of control, selfefficacy, and multidisciplinary intervention for chronic back pain by nicole hochhausen keedy an abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctor of philosophy degree in psychological and quantitative foundations in the graduate college of the university of iowa december 2009. Children get into trouble because their patents punish. Unlike the rotter locus of control scale in which participants are forced to choose between two. Rotter in 1954, and has since become an aspect of personality studies see personality psychology. Locus of control loc is the degree to which people report a sense of personal control. Locus of control questionnaire complete the following questionnaire putting a tick under either the yes or no column for each question to see where your locus of control might lie. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the association of locus of control orientation using rotters locus of control scale rotter, 1966 with perception of family status as it relates to the child with the disability at entry and exit of birth to three early intervention.
Psychometric properties distributional characteristics, scale reliability, and itemtest correlations. Descriptive statistics for each sample are reported. For each question select the statement that you agree with the most. Of the said scales, rotters ie scale is used most frequently in the usa 69%, whereas the nowickistrickland scale as well as the multiple dimension locus of control scale of levenson are used the least. Click on the button next to the one statement that best describes how you feel. It is a 29 item questionnaire that measures general expectancies for both internal and external locus of control. Social learning theory suggests that an expectation is reinforced 2 when the expected events or behavior actually occur in the future.
The pattern of stability and change in parental locus of. Rotters locus of control, is it the same as our meta. In the short form of his measurement, the internalexternal ie scale, rotter defines 7 specific contexts in 7 out of the items. You can always go back to a question and change your answer. If anyone has any suggestions for a loc scale thats under 20 questions, id really appreciate it. Im looking for a short form locus of control scale but am not having much luck. Determinism the study argues that our actions are determined by our locus of control. Dec 17, 2014 rotter concluded that an individuals locus of control would affect many behaviours. Health locus of control, selfefficacy, and multidisciplinary. A short form of rotters locus of control scale was administered to two samples of iranian students. Rotters article generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement 1966. The threefactor model had better fit and parsimony in both forms.
Rotter 1966 introduced that construct and defined it as follows. The james internalexternal locus of control scale is one of the first devised measures of locus of control. Second, because locus of control is a generalized expectancy it will predict peoples behavior across situations. Contradictory evidence exists on the multidimensional health locus of control scales factor structure and the psychometric equivalence between form a and form b. Aug 20, 2017 the locus of control is a continuous scale which, at one end, has those who attribute success and failure to things they have control over internal, and, at the other end of the scale, those who consider their success or failure is due to forces outside of their influence external. A databank of 9140 responses to the rotter 1966 locus of control scale was analyzed, using multidimensional scaling techniques. The locus of control the locus of control is a item questionnaire developed by rotter 1966. Social psychological scales, such as locus of control, play an important. Throughout their presentations, the medical staff kept stressing the importance of the pa. Health locus of control and selfefficacy predict back pain. Hence, surveys such as the german socioeconomic panel gsoep use selfdeveloped scales to assess locus of control. The locus of control measure scale includes 23 forced choice items and 6 filler items. Sample of n200 individuals n100 men and n100 women selected from different. One could be maladjusted by assuming total helplessness or lack of responsibility or by believing.
Locus of control scale the instrument the instrument was originally developed by julian b. Internalexternal locus of control scale springerlink. Rotter concluded that an individuals locus of control would affect many behaviours. The original healthrelated locus of control scale the hlc scale wallston, wallston, kaplan. Although the ipc manual suggests the calculation of an overall.
The locus of control scale identifying and rebalancing. Therefore, a new standardized and validated short scale measure is called for that caters for research settings with strict time constraints. The concept of locus of control was developed by psychologist julian rotter, who devised the internalexternal locus of control scale ie to assess this dimension of personality. In 1966, rotter published a scale designed to measure and assess external and internal locus of control. James was a student of julian rotter, whose social learning theory influenced the development of locus of control as a construct. Sample i comprised 305 students in iranian universities and sample ii consisted of 232 iranian college students in the usa. For example, on one item respondents must choose whether people s misfortunes are due to their own mistakes internal or to bad luck external. Psychometric properties distributional characteristics, scale reliability, and itemtest correlations of the abbreviated scale were found to be similar to the full 29item rotter. An abbreviated scale of internalexternal locus of control ie was administered to a national probability sample of 4,330 males ranging from 16 to 26 years of age.
Delay discounting, locus of control, and cognitive. The locus of control scale this memo discusses the locus of control scale. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional locus of. A subsample of the second sample has also received the rotter s ie scale, the rosenbaums learned resourcefulness schedule, the scl90r, and the paranormal beliefs scale. Development and validation of a locus of control scale for. According to rotter internality externality in locus of control is acquired in upbringing as a significance parental treatment. Any discussion of the construct needs to begin with the seminal work by rotter 1966, who described locus of control as the degree to which persons expect that a. The scale utilizes a forcedchoice between two alternatives, requiring respondents to choose just one of two possibilities for each item. It is the indian adaption of julian rotters internalexternal scale by dr. The locus of control is a continuous scale which, at one end, has those who attribute success and failure to things they have control over internal, and, at the other end of the scale, those who consider their success or failure is due to forces outside of their influence external.
Reductionism the study is highly reductionist and fails to consider wider factors such as mood or the impact of others. Is there some bad habit, such as smoking, that you would like to break but cant. Is there some bad habit, such as smoking, that you. It measures an individuals perception of internal external control of various events. Rotter has written extensively on problems with peoples interpretations of the locus of control concept. On the other hand, individuals with external locus of control eloc perceive outcomes are dependent on forces outside the individual yukl, 2006. Lumpkins abbreviated version of rotters locus of control scale. Health locus of control and selfefficacy predict back. This was the basis of the locus of control scale proposed by rotter in 1966, although it was based on rotter s belief that locus of control is a single construct. Pre and postintervention functional surveys, including the multidimensional health locus of control form c, chronic pain selfefficacy scale, medical outcomes study short form36 version 2, beck depression inventoryii, and oswestry disability index version 2, were used to evaluate benefit from back pain intervention and to examine patient. It represents a continuum, not an eitheror proposition. Development of the health locus of control scales our interest in relating locus of control to health care situations began with observations we made of a series of classes for newly diagnosed diabetic patients and their families.
A connectext, has developed the following test based on. The uwbhs senior survey included seven questions which allowed for the construction of a locus of control scale rosenberg 1965. Below is a link to the scale, the cite to a paper describing its development, and a meta. Kovaleva, anastassiya scale for the assessment of locus of. Scale 1620 and the fetal health locus of control scale 21. Internal versus external control refers to the degree to which persons expect that a reinforcement or an outcome of their behavior is contingent on their own behavior or personal characteristics versus the degree to which. The locs is a 29item questionnaire assessing the extent to which individuals believe they can control events. People with an internal locus of control believe that their own actions determine the rewards that they obtain, while those with an external locus of control. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity of a short.
887 1019 1365 634 1059 1074 1013 1118 405 1093 476 1451 1534 982 409 527 1290 443 85 1198 387 1178 1336 593 826 1093 173 915 1423 448 381 1059 1291 1114 170 238 1284 126 1449 1377 1243 82